In the breeding process, reducing the bait coefficient is a systematic project that runs through the entire process of aquaculture production. The key technologies for reducing the bait factor are as follows:
First, choose good breeds with high growth rate and high feed conversion rate for stocking
According to the comparative experiment, the breeding of pure breeding silver carp compared with common carp or silvery carp species, under the same quality, quantity of feed, to obtain the same yield to reduce the bait coefficient of more than 30%; selection of stocking distant mating, no Virus-infected Penaeus vannamei shrimps, the survival rate, growth rate must be significantly increased, and correspondingly reduce the bait coefficient; stocking the Yangtze River waters of Chinese mitten crab seedlings, in the same feed and other conditions, the weight gain rate and The overall yield and individual specifications are superior to the crabs in other water systems, and the feed coefficient is much lower.
Second, improve the breeding mode, using new breeding techniques
With the advancement of science and technology, high-yield new breeding techniques have emerged. For example, in the current freshwater aquaculture, the 80:20 high-quality eating fish-based breeding technology is being promoted; in the marine fish culture, the cage culture technology is adopted; in the shrimp culture, the shrimp seedling fertilizer underwater pond is used to cultivate the planktonic plankton. For the shrimp body feeding technology, etc., are all advanced breeding techniques that reduce the feed coefficient and increase the breeding efficiency.
Third, the feed itself of the variety, specifications, quality and processing technology and other factors, the impact of the bait coefficient
At present, feeds commonly used in aquaculture production include natural and artificial feeds, and artificial feeds should be gradually promoted. The quality and specifications should also be properly selected to meet the quality of the cultured animals.
In aquaculture, when using artificial compound feeds for feeding, in addition to the quality of the raw materials, it is also necessary to assess the nutrient ratios and the quality of the processing techniques in the formulated formula. First of all, it is required to have good stability in water, the shrimp material should reach 4-6 hours, and the fish material requirement should reach 2 hours. The type and size of the granules should be suitable for feeding by the cultured subjects. In addition, there must be better palatability, lure and so on.
In the conventional marine freshwater fish culture, generally 10 grams of the following species of fish, should choose the size of 0.5-1.5 mm of broken material for feeding; 10-15 grams of juvenile fish, should choose a particle size of 1.5-3.0 Millimeters, columnar pellets with a length of 4–5 mm are fed; in the case of more than 50 grams of raised fish, columnar pellets with a particle size of 4–6 mm and a grain length of 6–8 mm should be fed. Shrimp and crab feed also have corresponding special specifications.
Fourth, establish a good water environment conditions, benign ecological farming
1. Prevent water pollution and create an excellent water environment. Ensure the normal growth of cultured organisms, effectively reduce the bait coefficient, improve the quality and quantity of the products, and achieve the goal of producing green aquatic products, and increase the economic benefits of breeding.
2. Increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen in water and reducing the concentration of harmful gases are effective measures to reduce the bait coefficient. The fish's feed coefficient at 3.0 mg/l of dissolved oxygen is increased by a factor of four over 4.0 mg/l.
3. Note the effect of water temperature changes on the bait coefficient. When we feed the feed, we must increase or decrease the amount of feed as the water temperature rises or falls in order to achieve the best bait coefficient and reduce the cost of breeding.
V. Scientific and reasonable stocking techniques, including stocking density, quality of stocking objects, stocking operation methods, etc.
1. First, the appropriate stocking density should be determined according to the local climatic conditions, the water quality of the water surface, and the biological status, ie, the optimal stocking amount. If the density is too high, the breeding object grows in a poor water environment, and the used feed coefficient must rise. On the other hand, if the density is too thin, the potential of the water body cannot be fully exerted, the benefit of the production value decreases, and the bait coefficient also rises.
2. The stocking size and quality of the aquaculture target are the second factor in determining the bait factor in the stocking technology. If the stocking species has good quality and strong physique, the appetite will be strong, the digestion and absorption rate will be strong, the energy conversion rate to the feed will be high, and the weight gain will be rapid, and the performance will be reduced on the bait coefficient.
3. In the rearing of ponds or inner ponds, attention should be paid to the mutual interference behaviors between the breeds in order to avoid the decrease of feed utilization rate. In general, after the domestication of the main fish is completed, the other fish will be released.
Six, pay attention to the role of natural food to reduce the artificial feed coefficient
In aquaculture, we must not overlook the important role of natural foods on the growth of cultured objects today when we use full-scale artificial diets. Casting basal fertilizers, timely topdressing, and cultivating corresponding natural palatability foods at different times are still important supplements to our modern breeding and reduction of feed coefficients. According to the production practice, it is generally found that within the growth period of shrimps and crabs, if sufficient natural food is available, artificial feed can be saved by more than 1/3. For shrimp farming water with good natural food, the feed ingredient used for shrimp artificial feed can be reduced to below 1.0, which has become an important means for obtaining good economic benefits.
VII. Scientific Feeding Management and Feeding Technology Can Decrease the Feeding Coefficient
Determining a reasonable optimum feed volume is the most important aspect of feeding technology, and it is also a key factor in reducing the feed coefficient. Correctly use the "Four Ding" feeding method for feeding. In aquaculture, there are two types of feedstuffs: hand-injection and mechanical delivery. Regardless of species, the principle of “uniformity and slowness†should be mastered. In cage culture and industrialized aquaculture, more attention should be paid to the correct feeding method.
Eight, do a good job of storage management, use the feed within the shelf life
In the aquaculture production, the feeds can not be purchased too many times – at the same time, the freshness of the feed, the production date, the shelf life, and whether the nutritional ingredients meet the labeling requirements must be checked. If there are no laboratory conditions, they should be carefully identified by eye-sighting, hand-touching, nose-smelling, and taste-taking. The above measures have laid a good foundation for ensuring that the bait factor is reduced.
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