Changed: Shallow ploughing for fine ground preparation
Buckwheat is not suitable for continuous cropping. It is suitable for planting on sandy soils with good fertility, convenient drainage and irrigation, and easy cultivation and use as beans and rhizomes. In alkaline soils, buckwheat grows poorly. Before planting, the plate soil should be ploughed to fine soil preparation, enhance the soil permeability, and create good conditions for the growth of buckwheat.
Second change: broadcast as drill or on demand
Spring buckwheat should be sown in late March. Autumn buckwheat should be sown in mid-August and late. In the alpine areas, the sowing date should be appropriately advanced, and efforts should be made to harvest before frost to ensure that it will not be affected by freezing. Variety selection of varieties with high yield, good quality, moderate growth period, and strong resistance, such as buckwheat, safflower, local bitterness, and sweetness of Inner Mongolia. The sowing method should be changed to sowing or on-demand so that the seedling rate can be greatly improved, and the roots grow well and the lodging resistance is enhanced. The seeding rate per acre field is between 2 and 3 kg, guaranteeing about 80,000 basic seedlings. After planting seeds, they should be planted in a timely manner. The grain can be used to cover seedlings after being moistened with manure grain, fire and earth ash, and farmyard fertilizers.
Three changes: no fertilization for scientific fertilization
Some peasants who plant buckwheat are mostly harvested after harvesting peanuts, soy beans, and other flue-cured tobacco. They are planted only slightly and do not apply base fertilizer or top dressing. The yield of buckwheat so produced is very low. To win high-yielding buckwheat harvest, we must do fertilizer in the end, Miaofei early, bud fertilizer in time, Shizu base fertilizer, early application of fertilizer, suitable for phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Based on the application of basal fertilizer and seed fertilizer, after the emergence of buckwheat, combined with the first and second cultivators, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and superphosphate can be applied. When buckwheat has just bloomed, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and trace element fertilizer can be used for extra-root dressing. As the buckwheat lodging resistance is weak, it should be controlled nitrogen fertilizer, generally urea per acre 5 to 6 kg, potassium chloride 10 to 12 kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 14 to 16 kg, the proportion of fertilizer for the base fertilizer 50%, Miaofei 30%, Bud fertilizer 20%. The base fertilizer can be applied in two times in soil preparation and cover seeding. Miao fertilizer should be applied in the 5-6 leaf stage. The bud fertilizer should be applied in the early stage of bud formation.
Four changes: natural pollination artificially assisted pollination
The buckwheat is a common cross-pollination crop, the pollen amount is insufficient, and the rate of self-pollination and fertilization fertilization is not high. Artificial pollination is needed to increase the seed setting rate. Artificial pollination is generally at the full flowering stage, and it is selected at about 10:00 a.m. on sunny days, and artificially powdered with nylon rope for 1 to 2 times for 4 to 5 days to increase the seed setting rate by 20%.
In addition to the above four improvements, we must also strengthen field management in order to ensure the high yield of buckwheat.
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