Greenhouse vegetables are a high-input and high-output production method in a specific environment. Different fertilization methods not only affect the utilization of fertilizer, but also affect the economic benefits of production.
I. Misunderstandings common in current fertilizer application
1. Organic Fertilizer Dried manure and chicken manure have become the main base fertilizer for vegetable production in greenhouses. However, for the convenience of application, vegetable farmers frequently dry human feces and chicken manure in the fields and dry them up. This practice will cause fly maggots to reproduce, nitrogen will volatilize, and fertilizer will lose nitrogen nutrients.
2. Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus as Basic Fertilizers on Alkaline Soil Calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus are weakly acidic fertilizers. They are insoluble in water and can only be converted into water-soluble phosphates by the roots of crops under weak acid conditions. However, they can be applied on alkaline soils. The urgent need for phosphorus in crop seedlings causes physiological phosphorus deficiency.
3, superphosphate surface application as topdressing phosphorus mobility in the soil is small, moving in the range of 1-3 cm. Therefore, it is very difficult for the surface treatment to be transmitted to the crop rhizosphere, and therefore it is not possible to supplement phosphorus in the crop.
4. Immediately after urea application, watered urea is an amido ammonia nitrogen fertilizer, which is easily soluble in water. It can be converted into ammonium bicarbonate after it is applied to the soil. It is absorbed and utilized by crops and watered immediately after being applied. It is easy to use urea with water. Loss, reduce fertilizer efficiency.
5, ammonium bicarbonate with water This method often results in more water in the inlet, the crop growth is difficult, difficult to manage, and the afternoon greenhouse temperature, ammonia gas escaped from the soil, smoked the lower crop leaves, causing fertilizer harm.
Second, the main method to improve fertilizer efficiency
1, organic fertilizer piled up for base fertilizer in late July in the sunny place at 4000 kg of human excrement, plus calcium and magnesium phosphorus 100 kg, broken wheat straw (silkworm) 400 kg, after mixing into a raft-like shape, with old plastic film cover Or use grass mud for 30 days to build a high-quality organic fertilizer used as a base fertilizer in greenhouses.
2, superphosphate concentrate applied as base fertilizer in the transplanting line open 8 cm deep ditch, remove the phosphorus fertilizer cover soil 4 - 5 cm, then transplant the crop in the shallow trenches, shorten the distance between the phosphorus fertilizer and the crop root to make up for phosphorus movement Sexual weaknesses.
3, early application of urea, deep application and root application according to the crop development stage of fertilizer and water demand, in advance chase, deep application, increase the utilization rate than shallow application 28%. Shed temperature is 7 days in advance at 15-20°C, shelf temperature is 5 days in advance at 20-25°C, 8-10 cm ditch is opened at topdressing, and soil is tightly covered after withdrawal. Holes can be applied to crops with large row spacing. Deeply. According to greenhouse temperature watering every 5-7 days, it has enough time in the soil to fully ammonia, in order to facilitate the absorption and utilization of crops. During the growing period of the crop, the foliar may be sprayed with 0.3% urea solution once every 7 days, with 100 kg per mu, for 2 to 3 consecutive times.
4. Ammonium bicarbonate with deep application of ammonium bicarbonate is an ideal quick-acting fertilizer for winter greenhouse vegetable production. Because it is rarely volatilized at a ground temperature of 20°C, it can dissociate into ammonium ions and be absorbed by the soil after it is applied to soil, and then slowly release it for supply. Root absorption of crops, even at soil temperatures of 5°C, can also be converted and absorbed by crops. When composting, it should be 10 to 10 cm deep from the roots of the crop, and the ditch should be covered with soil after spreading. The utilization rate can be increased by 10 to 30%, and the yield can be increased by 10% compared to the shallow application, and the yield can be increased by 7.8% compared with the water application.
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