Raising the yield of rapeseed with no-tillage in paddy field and increasing the efficiency
Rape no-tillage cultivation techniques, especially no-tillage cultivation techniques in paddy fields can not only save costs and reduce labor intensity, but also can well protect paddy field water, and long-term application has a significant effect on the improvement of soil organic matter. It mainly solves the problems such as the shortage of labor force in rapeseed production and low efficiency. The main operating links of this technical model, especially the no-tillage and transplanting technology, are relatively mature and play an important role in stabilizing the rape planting area and yield per unit area.
Increase production and efficiency: The output is equal to the same type of plough cultivation, and the arable land is saved 80 yuan.
Technical points: Use carefully selected varieties. According to the actual conditions in the locality, we choose the hybrid rape varieties with high quality, strong resistance, moderate growth period, good seed quality, and high yield. Sanxian district is suitable for the application of double-low rapeseed varieties with early growth period and late sowing (planting).
Specification preparation field blocks. Formerly rice leaves less than 15 centimeters long, pull rope ditch to do the car, the car is 120 cm wide, 25 cm wide and 25 cm deep. Waist sulcus and gutters are slightly widened and deepened so that they can be matched with three ditch. The ditching machine is used to open the ditch, and the ditching earth evenly covers the car surface, where the uneven coverage is slightly flattened by hand.
Scientific deployment of fertilizer. In the fertilizer, phosphorus, potassium and boron fertilizers were used as base fertilizers at one time, and nitrogen fertilizer was applied at the ratio of 3 to 4 and 3 at the bottom. Generally medium-fertilizer fields use 20 kg of rapeseed formula fertilizer and 1 kg of borax or 200 g of boron as base fertilizer. After planting seedlings of live trees or seedlings, about 5-7 kilograms of urea will be topped with compound fertilizer of about 10 kilograms before the winter urea is applied, and seedlings will be given 2-3 kilograms of urea. After the spring budding period, topdressing 5-7 kg of urea and spraying 50 g of Sorbor Boron. One kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or oil overdose is sprayed within one week after flowering to promote the development of foliar manure. Seedlings during transplanting, pay attention to drought resistance, and apply fixed root water for transplanting. The live broadcast technology fills the floodgates and prohibits flooding.
Transplant timely planting. The best time for rapeseed sowing is from mid-late September to mid-to-late October. It can also be advanced to mid-September and postponed to the end of October. Generally, the sowing amount of the mu is controlled at 200-300 grams, and the sowing amount of the field with good sowing and good fertility may be less, and the field with late sowing and poor fertility may appropriately increase the sowing amount. When the rape grows to 5 leaves, the seedlings are set. When the seedlings are seedlings, it is recommended to remove the big seedlings and transplant them to other fields or where the seedlings are not neat, and the extra seedlings are taken out of the fields for vegetable or poultry and livestock green feed. Transplanting starts from the beginning of October and can continue until mid-November.
Reasonable planting density. Rape seedlings began to sprout at the 3rd leaf stage, with the exception of nest piles and thin seedlings. It is advisable to avoid seedlings with seedlings; Determine the planting density according to the area of ​​the land. Generally, 80,000-1, 000 plants will be planted in early and well-fertile plots; 1-21,000 plants will be planted in the late and poor fertility plots; 1.5 to 20,000, generally not more than 20,000. Transplanting density is generally 6000-8000 plants is suitable, seedlings, transplanting early is slightly dilute, small seedlings, transplanted late is slightly dense.
Implement chemical weeding. In the 5-7 days before the site preparation, grab a herbicide for weeding on broad-leaved weeds in the sunny afternoon and weeding the plants within 24 hours. Rapeseed seedlings grow to the 3-leaf stage, and most of the grass weeds germinate and grow out of soil. Weeding herbicides (herb field herbicides) are used to spray off weeds.
Pay attention to pest control. The seedling stage is mainly to prevent and control cabbage caterpillars and aphids. According to pest and disease forecast, master the prevention and control standards, use 40% of the sclerotia net at the early flowering stage.
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