Introduction to common methods of Yanshan chestnut belly
The method of abdominal connection is commonly used in the grafting of chestnuts in Yanshan. The commonly used methods of abdominal connection include cutting the abdomen, inserting the abdomen, inserting the abdomen with the base, and inserting the bare column. These abdominal methods can be fixed. To improve the survival rate of chestnut grafting, and promote it in Yanshan in a large area, then Xiaobian talks about the common methods of Yanshan chestnut belly connection, I hope to help everyone.
1 Scion collection and processing
1.1 Collecting Scion
Scion: Collected from large trees with good varieties and strong growth, and cut off the developmental, well-grown, full-bodied, stout annual growth branches or fruiting branches 30 days before the mother tree sprouts. Or the result of the mother branch storage period can not exceed 50 days, otherwise it will reduce the survival rate of grafting, once the storage period is more than 80 days, it is not easy to survive after grafting.
For the scissored scion to cut off the unfilled part of the anterior segment of the branch and the blind segment of the result branch and the curved part of the base, the scion length is required to be 20 cm long and 0.6 cm or more thicker;
After collecting the scion branches, bundle them in 50-100 pieces, mark them, and store them in a low-temperature moisturizing bowl.
1.2 Storage of scions
When the number of scions is small, it can be stored in the mantle or cave, and measures to prevent the temperature rise, keep the temperature of the mantle or cave not more than 10 degrees, or store it in the refrigerator for refrigeration, or put it in the well for storage;
When the number of scions is large, use storage, ditch or cold storage.
1.3 Scion wax seal
Wax sealing of the scion can prolong the shelf life of the scion and increase the graft survival rate;
The specific operation of the scion wax seal is as follows: the scion is cut into a length of 10-15 cm, and then the industrial paraffin is melted in the container, and the melting temperature is controlled at 80-100 degrees. After the paraffin is formed, the wax is immediately taken out at one end of the scion. The faster the better, then the same operation on the other end, so that the entire scion is covered with a uniform paraffin layer. After the wax seal is fully cooled and cooled, bundle it into a sack or plastic bag, place it in a cool place and mark it for sanding or refrigerating.
2 grafting period
Beginning in April and ending at the end of May, the daily average temperature is required to reach 15 degrees or more, and the new shoots grow to 0.5 cm. It is most suitable for grafting when the leaves are not displayed.
3 grafting method
Figure 1 Chestnut cut and abdomen
3.1 cut belly
It can be carried out when the rootstock is not peeled off. The method is simple and the survival rate is high (Fig. 1).
3.1.1 The rootstock should be cut at the appropriate height, and the smooth side should be selected. In the pre-grafted part of the rootstock, the knife should be cut from the top to the bottom. The incision is deep into the xylem. The incision is deep inside and shallow, and the outer deep refers to the length of the incision and the length of the scion. The noodles are quite equal.
3.1.2 It is advisable to cut the ear of the ear and the ear is slightly longer, slightly thicker and slightly curved. The growing branch with annual growth and growth is used to make the scion into a wedge shape, and the knife is used to cut the length of 3-5 cm in the lower part of the scion. Long shaved noodles, then cut the short shaved surface of 1.5-2.5 cm on the back side of the long shaved surface, so that the lower end is slightly pointed. The side between the two shaved surfaces should be slightly thicker on one side, and the upper part of the scion should be 2-3 full buds. Leave it on the back of the large shavings. The noodles must be smooth and 0.5 cm cut off the top of the buds.
3.1.3 The joint is quickly cut to the outside of the scion, and the long cut face is inserted into the rootstock cut surface.
3.1.4 After binding, use a plastic strip to bind the bag tightly and moisturize.
3.2 Subcutaneous abdomen
It is used when the rootstock is peeled off. It is mainly used for the bald banding in the chestnut tree, and can also be used for high-end exchange;
In the part of the rootstock that needs to be supplemented, first cut the old skin of the rootstock to the fresh phloem, then cut a "T" shaped mouth, at the upper end of the transverse incision 1-2 cm, use a grafting knife to cut down, cut a month of oblique Shaped noodles, to the "T" shaped transverse incision, deep into the xylem,
In order to avoid the "pillow" after the insertion of the scion;
Use curved scion, the length of the scion is 20 cm, the face is 8-12 cm long, and the back is cut to the phloem. It is arrow-shaped. Then the scion is inserted into the root of the rootstock and wrapped tightly with plastic strips. figure 2).
Figure 2 Subcutaneous abdomen process
3.3 abutment with a branch
The advantage of the abutment with the base branch is that the base angle is naturally opened, the angle is large, and the root of the root of the root is "T", without cutting the crescent knife edge, and there is no need to worry about the "cushion" problem;
The specific method is:
Thinning the old skin of the rootstock and cutting a "T" shaped incision at the selected area;
There are two 1-year-old branching branches on the 2-year-old mother branch of the scion. The 2-year-old mother branch is cut 3 cm, and one 1-year-old branch is selected on the branch, which is reserved for scion and the other branch is branched. Cut at 2 cm, the cut branches can also be used as other chestnut trees for cutting the ear;
From the 1 year old branches under the cut to the 2nd year old base branches, the horses are cut into a horse's ear shape. The 1 year old branches are thick, and the 2 year old base branches are thin. The 1 year old branch with the 2 year old branches is cut and inserted directly. Rootstock "T" shaped mouth, can be wrapped with plastic strips.
Figure 3: The bare column is inserted into the skin.
Figure 4 After applying paste, prevent pests and diseases
3.4 bare column insertion
When the chestnut is germinated and peeled in spring, the front side of the grafting interface is left 50 cm, the bark is stripped with pliers, and then the skin is grafted to the rootstock.
Applicable to the chestnut garden of "Happy, Pulling Branch, Engraving" Early Harvest Technology;
Advantages of bare column insertion and abdomen connection: avoiding the significant impact of tree body injury on the formation of grafted tree callus during the injury period and avoiding the occurrence of windy branches and branches, promoting the healthy growth of the main and lateral branches, and healing the interface well, which is beneficial to Improve the graft survival rate.
3.4.1 Rootstock peeling treatment At the interface about 20 cm away from the main trunk, the bark is stripped with pliers, leaving 50 cm to make a fixed living pillar.
3.4.2 The length of the cut noodles is 5-8 cm, and the length of the ear is 7-10 cm. It is guaranteed that there are 3-4 full buds.
3.4.3 Insert the ear on the inside of the main branch and select the smooth position to open the cortex and insert the scion.
3.4.4 Grafting special plastic strips for dressing, tightly wrap the interface, and fasten the buckle (Fig. 3).
3.4.5 Insect-resistant mites: use flour to make a thin paste, then add a concentrated organic phosphorus-based insecticide, which can be used to repel pests on the branches; prevent the chestnut by the pesticide's avoidance effect on pests The winged moth adult lays eggs and larvae foraging interfaces at the interface.
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