Pollution-free rice cultivation technology

With the improvement of people's living standards, people's health consumption demand is growing, and the quality and safety of agricultural products are receiving more attention. Non-polluted agricultural products refer to unprocessed or primary processed agricultural products that meet the requirements of relevant national standards and norms, meet the requirements of relevant national standards and norms, and are certified to obtain certified certificates and permit the use of pollution-free agricultural products.

To implement pollution-free cultivation of rice, we should abide by the principle of sustainable development, produce according to specific production methods, and start from the four environments of variety selection and rational cultivation, habitat environment, fertilizer and pesticide use to produce safe, high-quality, nutritious rice without pollution. And identified by a specialized agency.

1, variety selection

1.1 should choose the best varieties of rice. The best varieties of rice have excellent species, including high yield, resistance to pests and diseases, stress resistance, moderate growth period and excellent quality. Second, the seeds are excellent and have the characteristics of this variety, that is, the seeds are true, pure and clean, and clean. Full and full, germinated and tidy, no infectious diseases, dry and resistant to storage.

1.2 Quality standards for rice seeds. The standard of hybrid rice seeds is: the purity of the first-class species is not less than 98.0%, the clarity is not less than 98.0%, the germination rate is not less than 80%, the moisture is not higher than 13.0%, and the purity of the second-class species is not less than 96.0%. The clarity is not less than 98.0%, the germination rate is not less than 80%, and the moisture is not higher than 13.0%. The standard of conventional rice seeds is: the purity of the original seeds is not less than 99.9%, the clarity is not less than 98.0%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, the moisture is not higher than 13.0%, the purity of the improved seeds is not less than 98.0%, and the purity is not Below 98.0%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, and the moisture is not higher than 13.0%.

2, rational cultivation

2.1 First of all, we must do a good job of seeding and seed selection. Seed soaking for 3 to 5 days in rice seeds, and soak the seeds for 2 to 3 days and then carry out air selection; select the seeds after the selection of the wind with a yellow mud water or brine with a specific gravity of 1:1, and then use 25%. The wet carbendazim powder is soaked in 500 times of the liquid, or 15 g of water is used to remove 9 kg of water, and 6 kg of rice is infiltrated.

2.2 Comprehensively promote the pollution-free breeding and breeding of rice, cultivate strong seedlings and improve resistance.

2.3 Reasonable close planting. Reasonable close planting is an important prerequisite for high-quality and high-yield rice. Reasonable close planting can promote the coordinated development of rice plant and population structure, improve the temperature and light conditions in the field, enhance photosynthesis, promote the accumulation of organic matter, and increase yield. Planting density should be considered comprehensively based on variety, geographical conditions, soil fertility and planting form.

2.4 Scientific water management. Non-polluted rice cultivation should be carried out in shallow water, moistened seedlings, water in the water, and thin water. When the number of seedlings in the field reaches 80% of the expected number of panicles, dehydration of the sun-dried field begins, and multiple exposures are made. When drying the field, let the water fall and dry. After the water is not watered for 3 to 5 days, add new water. After 2 to 3 days of water retention, it will fall again. There are water heading, grouting, and wet and dry alternate seeds. After the grouting is strong, adhere to thousands of wet and wet, intermittent irrigation, wait until the surface water naturally falls and then add new water to prevent the early dehydration from affecting the quality of high quality rice too early.

2.5 It is best to carry out mechanical or manual weeding, removing mites, and removing pests and diseases. Weed control can also use high-efficiency herbicides with strong safety and no pesticide residues - 50% 稗 净 。.

2.6 Deeply turn the soil in autumn and winter, clean the countryside, and implement regional planting to reduce the migration of pests and diseases.

3. Origin environment

The production base should be selected in areas with no pollution and good ecological conditions, and should be away from industrial and mining areas and highways and railways to avoid the impact of industrial and urban pollution sources, and have sustainable production capacity. The specific indicators are:

3.1 Air quality: Under standard conditions, the daily average concentration should be ≤0.25mg per cubic meter of sulfur dioxide, and the fluoride should be ≤71μg;

3.2 Irrigation water quality: pH between 5.5 and 8.5, total mercury per liter of water ≤ 0.001mg, total cadmium ≤ 0.01mg, total arsenic ≤ 0.05mg, chromium (hexavalent) ≤ 0.1mg, total lead ≤ 0.1mg, petroleum ≤5.0mg, volatile phenol ≤1.0mg;

3.3 Soil environmental quality: at pH < 6.5, total cadmium per kg soil ≤ 0.3mg, total mercury ≤ 0.3mg, total arsenic ≤ 30mg, total lead ≤ 250mg, total chromium ≤ 250mg; when the pH is between 6.5 ~ 7.5 , total cadmium ≤0.3mg, total mercury ≤0.5mg, total arsenic ≤25mg, total lead ≤300mg, total chromium ≤300rug; when pH>7.5, total cadmium ≤0.6mg, total mercury ≤1.0mg, total arsenic ≤20mg , total lead ≤ 350mg, total chromium ≤ 350mg.

4, the use of medicine and fertilizer

4.1 The principle of fertilization of pollution-free rice should be based on organic fertilizer, control the application amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, ensure the application rate of phosphate fertilizer, increase the application rate of potassium fertilizer, and promote the application of special fertilizer or compound fertilizer for pollution-free rice. Suitable organic fertilizers include compost, manure, manure, biogas, green manure, crop straw fertilizer, mud fertilizer and cake fertilizer. The organic fertilizer is mainly used for returning straw in the first year of the year.

4.2 The use of pesticides should follow the plant protection work policy of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention”, proceed from the rice field ecosystem, implement cultivation, comprehensively apply various control measures, control harmful organisms below the economic allowable value, and ensure pesticides in rice. The residual amount is in compliance with the regulations. To implement chemical control, it is necessary to strictly follow the rice pest control indicators specified in pollution-free production, and apply it at appropriate time for prevention and treatment. It is advisable to use one medicine or more rationally mixed pesticides; to use qualified high-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides with restrictions Variety, control the application rate and safety interval; or use pesticide loading method to prevent the first generation of aphids and weeds; carry out targeted low-volume spraying on rice leaf-faced pests and panicle pests. It is forbidden to use highly toxic and highly residual pesticides. Implementation of biological control: First, we must pay attention to the protection and utilization of natural enemies, maintain the diversity of natural enemies, and give full play to the control of natural enemies; second, the limited use of biological pesticides, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Jinggangmycin, etc.; It can effectively control the weeds and rice basal pests in the early stage of rice paddy from the time of greening to the booting stage.

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