1. Effects and Symptoms on Vegetable Production
Low-temperature freezing damage refers to the fact that crops in greenhouses experience low temperatures below 0°C or severe changes in temperature that cause freezing or loss of all physiological activities, resulting in plant death or partial death. The effects of low temperature on seedlings are mainly due to lack of light, low ground temperature, slow emergence of vegetables, weak growth, and heavy damping-off; the main impacts on transplanting and colonization are the delay of planting period, prolonged period of seedling growth, and the process of growth and development. The impact is mainly reflected in weaker growth potential, delayed bulbs, rhizome enlargement, and delay in the market. In the event of severe frost damage, the plants were directly frozen.
General cold vegetables such as cabbage, spinach, garlic, etc., the ground part can be long-term tolerance -1 ~ -2 °C low temperature, short-term tolerance -3 ~ -5 °C, when attacked by low-temperature freezing damage leaves white, thin paper-like, the victim The scalloped hot water; semi-tolerant vegetables such as Chinese cabbage, radish, carrots, celery and lettuce, the above-ground part can tolerate short-term -1 ~ -2 °C low temperature, such as faba bean freeze injury often occurs in the early stages of plant growth or flower buds, The growing point died and the leaves showed irregular necrotic spots.
2. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Measures
Clearing up the earth and digging the soil should promptly clean up the “three channels†and the field outside the field to ensure smooth drainage and improve the vitality of the root system. At the same time, in combination with Qinggou, digging mud in the roots of crops, pressure grass insulation protection seedlings.
Warming freeze-proof greenhouse vegetables can be used to cover multiple layers of plastic film, medium-span film, and large-scale greenhouse film insulation and cold-proof. Because there is air between the middle shelf and the greenhouse, the temperature inside the greenhouse can be significantly improved. On the basis of freezing the seed before sowing, the seedling stage is further subjected to low-temperature hardening to enhance the ability of the plants to resist cold. For conditional greenhouses, heat is added as much as possible using electric heating, charcoal stoves, small boilers, fuel fans, etc.
Spraying antifreeze solution Spray antifreeze or cold protection agent on the leaves before low-temperature freezing damage. Formulated with 50 grams of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, brown sugar, and green wind for each 15 kilograms of water. Spray evenly on the leaves after mixing. On the back, spray once every 5 to 7 days. In the event that the north wind whistling during the day is a precursor to frost at night, wet grass and firewood can be stacked on the side of the vegetable field to produce smoke and smoke to reduce the degree of frost.
3. Self-rescue measures after the disaster
After replanting the eggplant seedlings, eggplant seedlings and fruit seedlings are subjected to low-temperature freezing injury, they can be quickly replanted, and healthy seedlings can be cultivated to ensure the production of vegetables in the future. Rapid seedling measures include seed soaking, germination, and nursery seedlings; if the seedbed is not frozen, it can be covered with several layers of thin film, covered with rice straw at night, and sprinkled with wood ash or quicklime to reduce soil moisture. As soon as possible to adjust the variety of vegetables, to avoid the winter and spring off-season vegetable market shortage.
Replanting fast-growing vegetables to fast-frozen vegetables should be quickly turned to the ground to catch short growth cycle, fast-growing market fast-growing vegetables, such as the choice of winter strong stimulating Italian lettuce, chrysanthemum lettuce, Japanese kaki lettuce, China Zao 3 cabbage , Spring and Autumn King, small miscellaneous 55 cabbage, miscellaneous 56 cabbage, etc., live temperature should be stable in more than 2 degrees sowing, nursery transplanting is best to use soil temperature bed nursery.
The use of grass ash resistant to low-temperature fertilizers, "fire burning soil" (fertilizers after grilling), fermented pig calf manure, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, etc., are cultivated in the roots of vegetables to increase the soil temperature of the roots, preferably on sunny days. It is carried out between 1,000 and 1,500 kilograms per acre. If radish and potatoes are grown in winter, it can be used to cover 2,500 to 3,000 kilograms of earth, and can be used to grow cabbage, cabbage, cauliflower, mustard, spinach, and other vegetables. 2000 kg of pig cows can be used to add 40 to 50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. Basal fertilizer, and in the Shi Zhuang Miao fertilizer when applied to plant ash and potash fertilizer, appropriate control of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, can effectively promote the healthy growth of plants, prevent plant leggy, improve their ability to resist cold and cold, reduce the occurrence of frost damage.
4. Diseases, insect pests and prevention and control measures easily induced by disasters
Cold damage caused by vegetables is easy to cause diseases, especially the melons and eggplant seedlings in greenhouses, which are prone to diseases such as roots, damping-off, gray mold, wilting, etc., which cause the death of vegetables, and the root vegetables and cabbage vegetables are prone to frost. Mildew, gray mold, soft rot and other diseases. Seed disinfection should be carried out for late-seeding or rush-seeded vegetable seeds: 50% carbendazim or 50% thiram can be used for seed dressing. The amount used is 0.3% of the seed amount. After sowing seedlings, strengthen seedbed management. Seedlings are susceptible to various seedling stage diseases caused by low-temperature freezing injury. When a small amount of blight, damping-off, and early blight disease plants are found in seedbeds, 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times or 50% carbendazim 600-fold or 50 Chlorothalonil 600 times liquid or 96% hymexazide wettable powder 3000 times, or 3% Kwong Ling water agent 600 times spray control. Selection of disease-free and robust plants for colonization, regular removal of old leaves, increased ventilation and light transmission, and reduction of the chances of infectious sclerotia, downy mildew, viral disease, gray mold, leaf mold, sclerotinia, etc. Timely spraying with 50% carbendazim 600 times, 50% acetaminophen WP 800 times, virus A 500 times, 50% chlorothalonil 600 times, 50% fast keratin 1500 times, 1000 Double liquid and other prevention.
Feed additive refers to a small amount or trace substance added in the process of feed production, processing and use. It is used in feed in small amount but plays a significant role. Feed additive is an inevitable raw material in modern feed industry. It has obvious effects on strengthening the nutritional value of basic feed, improving animal production performance, ensuring animal health, saving feed cost and improving the quality of animal products.
Classification
1. Bile acid
It can promote fat digestion and absorption, protect liver and gallbladder, improve livestock and poultry health and improve feed utilization.
2. Acidifier
Including citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and compound acidifier. Adding an appropriate amount of acidification Qi to the pig diet can significantly improve the daily gain of pigs and reduce the feeding cost.
5. Promote growth
Including olaquindox, pig fast growth, fast fertility, blood polypeptide, liver residue, animal music, fat pig Wang, etc.
6. Trace elements
Including copper, iron, zinc, cobalt, manganese, iodine, selenium, calcium and phosphorus, which can regulate body metabolism, promote growth and development, enhance disease resistance and improve feed utilization. The daily gain of postnatal pigs can generally be increased by 10% - 20% and the feed cost can be reduced by 8% - 10%,
7. Vitamins
It includes vitamins A, D2, e, K3, B1, D3, B2, B6 and C, as well as a variety of vitamins, choline, pig premix additives, vitafat, Ted vita-80, French fat, health care element, strong element, etc. it can be scientifically selected and used according to different pig varieties and different growth and development stages.
8. Amino acids
It includes 18 kinds of amino acids such as lysine, methionine and glutamic acid, as well as Shengbao, livestock treasure, feed yeast, feather powder, earthworm powder, feeding music, etc. the most used additives are lysine and methionine. Adding 0.2% lysine to the diet can increase the daily gain of pigs by about 10%.
9. Antibiotics
Gold toxin, salinomycin, tetracycline, Bacillin, lincomycin, Kangtai feed additive, zhubao, Baosheng, etc.
10. Insect repellent health care
Including anbaoqiujing, keqiu powder, aibao-34, etc.
11. Mildew proof
Due to the high oil content of rice bran, fish meal and other refined feeds, they are easy to oxidize and deteriorate after long storage time. Adding ethoxyquinoline can prevent feed oxidation, and adding propionic acid and sodium propionate can prevent feed mildew. The addition of cinnamon powder not only has strong bactericidal effect, but also attracts food, flavors, and promotes growth.
12. Chinese herbal medicine
Including garlic, wormwood powder, pine needle powder, mirabilite, Codonopsis pilosula leaves, Maifan stone, wild hawthorn, orange peel powder, acanthopanax senticosus, Atractylodes, motherwort, etc,
13. Buffer feed
Including sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, calcium phosphate, etc.
14. Seasonability
Including sodium glutamate, edible sodium chloride, citric acid, lactose, maltose, hay, etc.
15. Hormones
Including raw milk record, promoter, yufeiling, etc.
Vitamin A Powder, Lactose Powder, Oxytetracycline Dihydrate Powder, Vitamin D3 Powder
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