In general years, summer drought often occurs in June, and the duration is longer. Orchard management. Where do you start? Experts from the fruit innovation team of Shandong Province and senior agronomist Xu Mingju of the Feixian Fruit Industry Management Bureau gave their suggestions.
Ground cover soil protection
Faced with the drought situation, Xu Ming suggested that, first of all, fruit growers should strengthen the orchard ground cover. Coverage is a fundamental measure to reduce surface water evaporation. In particular, for newly planted fruit trees this year, the fruit growers should be covered with plastic film to ensure the survival rate and water retention rate.
In orchards that have not been covered by the ground, the garden must be regularly ploughed so that the topsoil is fine and loose to prevent evaporation of soil moisture. At the same time, weeding can remove weeds and reduce weed consumption.
In the case of poor lyrical conditions, it is not appropriate to carry out slashing and slashing, but soil improvement should be combined with fertilization in order to gradually enhance the soil's ability to retain fertilizer and water. For example, in order to reduce soil evaporation, fruit growers can apply soil conditioners, soil water retention agents, soil evaporation inhibitors, and the like.
Adjust the tree load to a reasonable load
Pruning is one of the important measures to adjust the strength of the tree. In the face of drought, we must strengthen summer pruning to reduce the amount of foliage and reduce water evaporation. However, when pruning, the fruit grower should try to avoid rabbits causing large wounds. After cutting the wounds larger than 2 cm in diameter, apply healing agent to prevent the sap from evaporating. This season also needs to eliminate inner dense and ineffective vegetative shoots and reduce the consumption of water. Weakness trees should be properly retracted so that tree vigor and tree vigor will be strong and the ability of trees to resist drought will be enhanced. During the growing period of fruit trees, excess sprouts are promptly wiped out, excess shoots are removed, and absurd branches and long branches are removed or shortened and picked up; in particular, attention should be paid to selecting appropriate branches for the result tree. , to avoid the occurrence of sun and stem diseases.
Due to the large moisture content in the fruit, the fruit loader can reduce the water requirement for the fruit tree and the weak tree. At the same time, the appropriate reduction of load can increase the storage nutrition of the tree and improve the drought resistance of the tree. In drought years, the load is adjusted to 70% of the normal year. That is to say, if the fruit is in the expansion stage, it needs to be re-shredded.
Prevent pests and water tightly
During drought, powdery mildew, fruit rust, trunk rot, and perforation diseases are serious. Insect pests such as red spider, small pear, and pear hibiscus occur in large quantities. Therefore, according to the occurrence and characteristics of diseases and pests, the fruit grower should effectively and timely control Various pests and diseases.
According to the soil fertility and fruit tree growth, results, and the characteristics of fruit trees in different stages of the required fertilizer, farmers must also conduct rational formula fertilization to ensure appropriate timely and appropriate method of application, in time to meet the needs of the tree for various nutrients. Such as P, K fertilizer can enhance the drought resistance of the tree, and reasonable application is beneficial to improve the drought resistance of the tree. But timely watering every time after fertilization to prevent root burning seedlings.
When the water supply is in short supply, the pipeline water supply can reduce the water loss during the transportation. Using hole storage fertilizer, drip irrigation, micro-irrigation and other methods can also greatly reduce the loss of water. While fighting drought, the fruit farmers should also pay attention to flood prevention after rainfall. After all, localities will gradually enter the flood season and droughts and floods may turn around.
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