In recent years, vegetable farmers often encounter problems such as falling fruit, low fruit setting rate, and increase in the number of deformed fruits in the production of Solanaceous and legume vegetables, which seriously affects the yield and quality of vegetables. The author believes that there are five reasons that cause the falling of vegetables in summer.
1. Summer heat is the culprit causing vegetables to fall. In the summer greenhouse vegetable cultivation, high temperatures above 32°C occur frequently. Excessive temperatures can severely affect the flower bud differentiation of vegetables. Too high a temperature may cause the stickiness of pollen and stigma to be reduced. At the same time, the germination rate of pollen and the rate of elongation of pollen tube are affected, which results in poor pollination and fertilization and disorder of the fertilization process. A large number of flowers and fruit off and produce a large number of deformed fruit. Therefore, it is necessary to cover the shading net or splash mud to cool the summer greenhouse, and to strengthen the ventilation before and after the daytime of the greenhouse in the weather that does not rain.
2. In the summer when the air is dry, suitable air humidity is also very important for normal fertilization. Generally suitable for flower bud differentiation of air humidity is 70% -80%. Especially during the fruiting period of fruiting and setting, spray water on the sprayer to increase the air humidity.
3. Boron and phosphorus deficiency affect flower bud differentiation. Boron and phosphorus play an important role in promoting the differentiation of flower buds and improving the fruit setting rate. In flowering and fruit setting period, borax and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaves. Potassium fertilizers should be added during the summer fruit growing season to enhance plant resistance, improve pollination performance and improve fruit quality.
4. It is also critical to cultivate age-appropriate seedlings to enhance plant resistance and increase fruit set. The flower bud differentiation at the seedling stage directly determines the fruit setting rate of the first to the second pod after planting. The vegetables that are now in the nursery period should be covered with shade nets and insect nets to reduce the seedbed temperature. In the middle and later stages, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed on the leaves. In summer, the temperature is high, the temperature difference between day and night is small, the seedlings are easy to grow, and the control of plant growth can be timely sprayed with booster and chlormequat. After the planting of vegetables under the influence of high temperature, long days, the growth point is also likely to produce a large number of endogenous gibberellin, so that the internodes are too long, the nutritional growth is too prosperous, reproductive growth weakened, resulting in falling flowers.
5. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are also likely to cause flower drop. The summer vegetables are easy to be long, and the early stage nitrogen fertilizer should be used in a proper way. The result should be to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
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