In the production of cucumbers in protective greenhouses such as greenhouses and greenhouses, the occurrence of melons has become increasingly serious, which has led to a decline in yield and quality, which has affected the economic efficiency of vegetable farmers and has become a major obstacle to cucumber production.
Causes and conditions of morbidity: The occurrence of cucumber melons is closely related to climate, cultivation and management. 1. Overly dense planting of melons. 2. The higher the night temperature, the more nitrogen fertilizer applied, the stronger the respiration of the plants, resulting in longer crops and more severe disease. Especially in the flowering and fruit setting period, the photosynthetic rate decreased, and the female flowers and young cucumbers lacked nutrients and caused melons. 3. The temperature regulation is irrational. Excessively high temperatures and low temperatures can cause melons to grow. 4. The lack of carbon dioxide in the shed is a melon. 5. Picking melons is not timely. The melon strips are not harvested in time, affecting the balanced transport of nutrients to young larvae. 6. Spraying inappropriate pesticides or sprays with excessively high concentrations, or being poisoned by harmful gases, causing the normal physiological activities of the leaves to be destroyed, functional leaf dryness caused by pests and diseases, etc., the nutrients produced by the plants can not meet the needs of the melons , it will happen.
Precaution:
1. Choose a good variety. Cucumber varieties should be selected for protection cultivation of special varieties, and strong resistance, disease resistance, such as Jinchun 3, Jinyou 3, Zhongnong 13 and so on.
2. Reasonably dense planting. Large-planted double-row planting, with a large planting distance of 60 cm, a small planting distance of 40 cm, a plant spacing of 30 cm, and planting of about 3,500 plants per acre, in order to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of plants, increase the utilization of light energy, and increase plant resistance Illness.
3. Strengthen the regulation of fertilizer and water. After the planting, the seedlings were planted with water, and then they were no longer watered. In the root melon up to 15 centimeters, the lack of luster in the growth point, a slight wilting leaves at noon, promptly poured melon to promote drowning, and topdressing application of nitrogen fertilizer 15-20 kg; into the melon period, 5-7 days watering , 10-15 days to chase a fertilizer, watering should be poured shallow ground irrigation principle.
4. Adjust temperature and humidity to increase plant nutrition. Colonization to the mild seedling stage maintains a temperature of about 30°C during the day, about 18°C ​​at night, 25-28°C during the day and 13-16°C during the night, and a temperature higher than 30°C requires ventilation to reduce the respiratory burden. Increase ventilation and reduce humidity after each watering. Using supplemental carbon dioxide or foliar spray of 1% glucose to promote assimilating action can effectively control the occurrence of melon.
5. Improve the greenhouse and cultivation conditions. The dust on the film is often removed, and the condensation on the inner surface of the film is reduced by venting and other measures to prevent the refraction of light to increase the amount of transmitted light; under the premise of heat preservation, the opaque cover has to be exposed early to cover the cover to prolong the illumination. Time; a vertical light curtain is placed on the center pillar or on the back wall of the facility to increase lighting. Timely adjustment of the plant, when the cucumber began to spread vines, scaffolding and binding vines, during the melon period to remove the old leaves of the lower part of the plant, yellow leaves, excess male flowers and tendrils, in order to reduce the ineffective consumption of nutrients, so that the plants receive light uniform, improve the photosynthetic effectiveness.
6. Integrated control of pests and diseases. We must stick to prevention and comprehensive prevention and control. Once the disease occurs, take effective measures and use it scientifically and scientifically. That is, the spray concentration should be appropriate, the spray should be uniform, try not to spray on the flowers, so as not to affect the pollination and melon.
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