Fusarium wilt is the most serious soil-borne disease that causes damage to melons and vegetables. It occurs throughout the country. Cucumbers, watermelons, and melons are the most serious diseases, followed by melons, and pumpkins are rarely affected.
First, the symptoms
The bacteria lived in the soil, diseased plant residues, seeds, and uncooked manure. In the seedling stage, the seedlings are wilted after unearthing, and the true leaves turn green and yellow and dry. The base of the stem becomes brown and curled up and falls down. In the adult stage, the diseased plant grows poorly, the plant is dwarfed, the leaf is dark green, and gradually fades from green to yellow. Afterwards, the entire plant or local vine spreads during the day and recovers sooner or later. After 56 days, it gradually withered and died. Cutaway culprit, brown vascular bundles, and sometimes ulceration in the roots, the surface of the disease may appear white or pink mildew.
Second, the incidence of factors
Poor terrain, poor drainage, soil acidity, cold and wet, soil viscosity heavy, thin soil land onset; heavy farmland, uneven soil preparations; heavy ridge cultivation; disease severity; watering Most of the disease is heavy; the incidence of continuous cropland is heavy, and the incidence of rotation cropland is light; some high-quality disease-resistant varieties have obvious resistance to wilt disease.
Third, prevention and control measures
1. Use resistant varieties. Choose high-quality disease-resistant varieties, cucumber can use Jinyan series, Jin miscellaneous series; watermelon can choose Dolly, Jingxin 1, Jingkang 1, Jingkang 2, Jingkang 3, etc.; melon use Guangzhou Qingpi melon.
2. Seed disinfection. To prevent seed tape, use 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500 times liquid soaking for 40 minutes. It can also be soaked in warm water at 52°C for 10 minutes and then germinated.
3. Seed bed disinfection. Can be used 50% carbendazim, 30 grams of soil per square meter area mixed with dry soil 1.5 kg sprinkled on the bed surface, disease-free soil can also be used to raise seedlings.
4. Grafting and disease prevention. Cucumbers are grafted with black-skinned squash for rootstock disease prevention. In addition to black-skinned squash for rootstocks, watermelon can also be grafted.
5. Rational rotation. In general, non-melon crops should be rotated for more than three years.
6. Strengthen cultivation management. Choose a high-dry plot for melon fields. Deeply dig the soil, level land, and build stilts. Control watering and prevent flooding. The reasonable combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should fully mature the farmyard manure.
7. Pharmaceutical Irrigation. At the beginning of the onset period, it can be used to irrigate the roots of Luanheng No. 1 30004000 times solution, 70% hymexazide wettable powder 1500 times solution, and 10% Shishui Dispersant 3000 times, and 200300 ml per plant. It is necessary to remove the diseased plants and focus on the control of the adjacent plants.
Qingdao Beautiful Skin Biotechnology Co., Ltd , https://www.hafilleresthetic.com